A new legislative step in Ankara concerning joint military cooperation has taken place as a draft bill regarding the Makkah defense pact was referred to the presidency of the Turkish parliament to pave the way for its official ratification process. According to established parliamentary procedures, the legislative text will first move to the foreign affairs committee for thorough study and debate before heading to the parliament general assembly for a vote. It is worth noting that the aforementioned agreement was signed in the holy city of Makkah in Saudi Arabia last August, with the signing ceremony bringing together Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Pakistani Prime Minister Mian Muhammad Shehbaz Sharif, and Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud as part of efforts to strengthen the joint defense framework.